Source: http://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-cancer/1205/less-fun-in-the-sun-skin-cancer-could-be-genetic-5974.aspx

Unprotected exposure to the sun isn’t the only risk factor for skin cancer. New research suggests your risk level may also depend on your genes and family history.

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 5, 2012 — With the chill in the air in many parts of the country and the threat of blizzards brewing, that long awaited trip to the islands couldn’t come at a better time.

And as with any vacationer traveling to a hot climate, the No. 1 item on your packing list is sunscreen. However, according to a new study published in Genetics, that SPF 40 may not completely protect you from the repercussions of the sun’s dangerous rays. Turns out, your genes may put you at greater risk for skin cancer than UV exposure.

Soakin’ up the sun has long been associated with increased skin cancer risk, and rightfully so. But scientists from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and the University of Wisconsin-Madison report that a laundry list of genetic factors — including family history, ethnicity, and genetic variations specific to a person — could also play a critical role in whether or not you will develop skin cancer.

“Although there is no doubt that sun exposure increases your risk for skin cancer,” said Mark Johnston,Genetics editor-in-chief, in a press release. “[I]t isn’t clear how much of a risk it poses to each individual. This new model for assessing risk should prove useful to health care providers and public health officials, who play a crucial role in educating people about preventing skin cancer.”

Using data from the Framingham Heart Study, historically famous for uncovering cardiovascular health risk factors like high cholesterol and hypertension, researchers collected phenotypic and genetic information from over 5,000 familial participants to create skin cancer risk assessment models, a statistical technique first used to predict desirable traits in animals, specifically optimal milk production in cows.

Previously, evaluations for skin cancer risk focused primarily on standards like gender. But the Birmingham and Madison researchers added family history, ethnicity, and an estimated 41,000 genetic variations specific to individuals to the model to provide further accuracy. They found that this all-inclusive recipe was the most precise in forecasting a person’s likelihood of developing skin cancer.

“While many aspects of this technique are still under development, our new predictive model was able to account for a large proportion of each person’s predisposition for skin cancer,” said lead study author Ana Inés Vázquez, PhD, of the UAB Department of Biostatistics, in the release.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully isolated a variety of genetic variations and their associations to particular traits and diseases in humans, according to the scientists. But unlike previous research, this new study evaluated all genetic data equally rather than emphasizing individual genes known to cause disease. Nonetheless, quantifying an individual’s risk remains a challenge.

“We hope this study will ultimately contribute toward a better understanding of the genetics of complex traits and diseases,” Vázquez told Science Daily. “Such an understanding is essential for the development of methods that can be used for early and improved prediction of genetic predisposition to diseases.”

According to the American Cancer Society, skin cancer, the most common form of cancer, accounts for almost half of all reported cancers in the country, with over 2 million incidences of basal and squamous cell skin cancer found each year. More than 75,000 cases of melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, occurred in 2012 alone.

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Source: http://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-cancer/1205/less-fun-in-the-sun-skin-cancer-could-be-genetic-5974.aspx